Ch‘ing tai ch‘i chü chu ts‘e. T‘ung-chih ch‘ao, 1983.
Enc. Brit. 1982 v. 10 (T‘ung-chih, personal name Tsai-ch‘un, canonized as I Huang-Ti, temple name Mu Tsung, b. 4/27/1856, d. 1/12/1875, emperor (reigned 1962-75) of the Ch‘ing dynasty)
Webster biog. dict., c1943 (T‘ung Chih; personal name Tsai Ch‘un; b. 1856, d. 1875; emperor of China, 1862-75; eighth of the Ch'ing (Manchu) dynasty; son of Hsien Fêng and his concubine Yehonala; ruled under regency of his mother and Prince Kung; during his reign Robert Hart began establishment of maritime customs service (1863) and Anson Burlingame and his mission visited China (1868-70))