Yen, C.N. Nu-erh-ha-ch‘ih, 1983 t.p. (Nu-erh-ha-ch‘ih) biog. data, etc. (a Manchurian; b. 1559; d. 8/11/1626)
Kuznetsov, V.S. Nurkhatsi, 1985.
T‘ien-ming Han, 1993 t.p. (T‘ien-ming Han) p. 1 (Nu-erh-ha-ch‘ih)
Eminent Chinese of the Ch‘ing period (Nurhaci; Nu-erh-ha-ch‘ih; 2/17/1616 proclaimed himself emperor Han of the Chin dynasty, with reign-title T‘ien-ming)