African American National Biography, accessed September 23, 2014, via Oxford African American Studies Center database: (X, Malcolm; el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz; Malcolm Little; civil rights activist, islamic leader, murder victim; born 19 May 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska, United States; paroled from Concord Reformatory, Massachusetts (1952); became Elijah Muhammad's most effective minister (1950s-1960s); minister of New York Temple No. 7 (1954); national representative, Nation of Islam (1957); served as Elijah Muhammad's emissary at a secret Atlanta meeting seeking an accommodation with the Ku Klux Klan (1961); the most well-known figure in the Nation of Islam; formed Muslim Mosque, Inc. (1963); formed Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU); attended Organization of African Unity Summit Conference (1964); discussed his unity plans with leaders of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC); invited members of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party to be guests of honor at OAAU meeting, Harlem, New York; died 21 February 1965 in York, New York, United States, Audubon Ballroom)
Arbʻat muʼathirāt Sūdānīyah fī fikr Malkūlim Iks wa-masīratuhu al-daʻawīyah, 2006: t.p. (Mālkūm Iks) p. 7 (Mālik Shabāz)
Britannica academic edition website, viewed Dec. 20, 2013 (Malcolm X, orig. Malcolm Little, Muslim name el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz; b. May 19, 1925, Omaha, Neb.; joined the Nation of Islam while in prison 1946-1952; left the Nation of Islam Mar. 1964 and founded Muslim Mosque, Inc.; took Muslim name el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz during pilgrimage to Mecca that same year; in 1965 founded the Organization of Afro-American Unity; d. Feb. 21, 1965, New York, NY, assassinated at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem)
Malcolm X Al-Ḥajj Malik al-Shabāẓz, 1990: cover (Ḥajj Malik al-Shabāẓz)
