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Int. dict. of Black composers, 1999 (Joplin, Scott; b. ca. July 1867-Jan. 1868, northeastern Tex., d. Apr. 1, 1917, New York, N.Y.; ragtime composer)
New Grove dict. of Amer. mus. (Joplin, Scott; b. Nov. 24, 1868, near Marshall, TX, or Shreveport, LA, d. Apr. 1, 1917, New York; ragtime composer)
Southern, E. Bio. dict. of Afro-Amer. and African musicians (Joplin, Scott; b. Nov. 24, 1868, Bowie Co. (now Texarkana), Tex.; d. Apr. 1, 1917, New York, N.Y.; composer)
Ping-Robbins, N.R. Scott Joplin, 1998 p. 25 (b. Nov. 24, 1868?, Bowie Co., near Marshall, Tex., south of Texarkana; actual day and year of birth unknown)
Berlin, E.A. King of ragtime, 1994 p. 4 (Nov. 24, 1868, the long accepted birth date, almost certainly incorrect, derived from information submitted to ASCAP in 1942 by Lottie Joplin, the composer's widow; 1870 census, taken on July 18, gives his age on last birthday as 2, 1880 census, taken June 17-18, 12, which indicates he was born before the middle of 1868; "even if he was not born on November 24, 1868, he was born within a year of that date")
Joplin, S. Stoptime rag, c1988 caption (Scot Joplin)